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January 18, 1999


Crude Oil

Worldwide crude oil production is holding at the maximum achievable level right now (i.e., OPEC and others have not achieved the necessary lower production level to pull down world inventories). As a result, the slow down of refining rates during February in the U.S. will ripple backwards through the upstream market and cause some producers to shut in wells or cut back production at the wellhead, at least temporarily, due to lack of storage space for produced - but not sold - crude oil.

Despite refiner efforts to maximize production over the past few weeks, inputs of crude oil to crude stills dropped slightly from 15.4 to 15.26 million bpd. The decrease may actually have been greater, since there is a discrepancy in the data. The total amount of refined products made over 7 days was 2.8 million (400,000 barrels per day) less than the reported amount of crude oil refined. A cursory review of the data does not reveal any obvious discrepancies in the product data. The error is most likely in the amount of crude oil refined. A 2.8 million adjustment would put the inputs at 14.86 million bpd, or 94% capacity.

Crude oil imports increased over the week, with the bulk of the new oil being delivered to Western refineries. Inventories increased overall by 2.6 million barrels from 321.8 to 324.4 million. Inventories actually decreased in PADDs I, II, and IV. Additional crude oil showed up in PADD III (+2.1 million), and PADD V (+6.1 million barrels).

Demand for products is expected to hit seasonal lows during February and March, which should continue to pressure refiners to slow down refining rates and reduce import levels. Inventory levels of all refined products in the U.S. are high. So even if refiners want to run crude stills at higher capacity, they cannot because they have no tank space for storage of products.

The NOESIS crude oil price forecast remains unchanged. It assumes refiners will continue buying crude oil until they have filled the tanks some time in February.






Fortunately, the situation will not last too long. Spring demand for gasoline in the U.S. and other OECD nations should restore demand for crude oil. However, the market will remain soft as long as world crude oil storage tanks remain full.


EIA U.S. Refining Data
Inputs and Imports are 4-week Avg
Input/OutputMillion BPDImportsMillion BPDInventoryMillion BBL
Week Jan 1Jan 8Jan 1Jan 8Jan 1Jan 8
Crude Oil 15.015.18.68.5321.8324.4
Gasoline 8.38.30.5750.446210.8217.6
Distillate 3.53.60.2400.184153.9154.2
Resid 0.80.80.2540.26043.944.5



W orld crude oil prices reported by EIA as of January 8, 1999: Saudi Arabian Lt (34 API) - $10.23, Nigerian Bonny Light (37 API) - $11.05, UK Brent (38 API) - $11.57, and Mexico Maya (22 API) - $7.83.

Posted prices for crude oil as of January 18, 1999 were: Scurlock, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), $9.50; Louisiana Lt. Sweet Onshore $8.75, Oklahoma Sweet $9.50; Kern River (13 API) $7,25; Alaska North Slope (28 API) $10.12; Kettleman Hill (34 API) $9.45(Avg) and Wilmington (17 API) $7.60

East Coast Gasoline and Heating Oil

East of the Rockies - Stocks of all products are at exceptionally high levels after two weeks of unseasonably high refining rates. Temporary shutdowns of various refineries and refinery units during February may help draw down the levels, so it is a little early to predict the effect these high levels will have on overall operations. However, it is clear that no matter what happens, demand for crude oil will be slack. Expect refiners to take advantage of the situation and fill tanks with the lowest price, highest quality crude oil they can find.

Gasoline and diesel prices remain low and heating oil prices should still be at summer levels given the amount of product in inventory. Buyers should shop around.

The closure of gas stations that were not in compliance with UST regulations does not appear to have had any impact on the supply or prices of gasoline. EIA reported gasoline prices per gallon for Regular on January 8 were as follows: PAD I - $.92, PAD II - $.93, and PAD III - 0.89.

Diesel prices on January 11 were: PADD I - $.97, PADD II - $.95, and PADD III - $.94

FORECAST: Gasoline prices will remain low and may drop further with the price of crude oil during late February and early March. Diesel prices should remain stable through spring.

The price of heating oil will remain low through 1999 -- there should be plenty of vendors willing to sell at reasonable prices.

Rocky Mountain Gasoline and Diesel

Rocky Mountain - the price of regular gasoline decreased to $.95 per gallon and the price of diesel remained at about $.99 per gallon.

Rocky Mountain prices will continue to mirror changes in the price of crude oil.

West Coast Gasoline and Diesel Forecast

West Coast - Refinery operations in the West are steady, although production of gasoline finally increased enough to build inventories by 1.9 million barrels last week to a total of 30.1 million, which is 3.8 million less than they had in storage last January.

On January 8 the average price of (reg-mid-premium) gasoline in PADD V was $1.15 per gallon. The price of Regular in PADD was $1.10 per gallon. Reformulated gasoline costs $1.13 per gallon.

The average price of diesel in PADD V dropped to $1.05 and Californian's are paying $1.11 per gallon. Production of diesel decreased, so it is possible that the price of diesel may increase in the near term, despite lower crude oil prices.

FORECAST: The price of gasoline and diesel SHOULD continue to follow the price of crude oil. Higher gasoline inventories and lower diesel inventories may lead to different marketing strategies which could lead to lower gasoline prices and higher diesel prices within the next couple of weeks.



Many readers write in and ask for more data or specific information. You are encouraged to explore the NOESIS Index Page and the Links Page. The links listed have been especially selected to get you to data and information which will supplement the information you find on the NOESIS site. They are all great sites! For EIA data used in these forecasts, select the Energy Information Administration link. Once there, select Petroleum. Then select "Weekly Petroleum Status Report" The TEXT version gives you basic data. Or scroll down and select pdf, text or html files for tables and graphs. There is a wealth of information on the EIA site. With the analytical tools you've picked up by reading the NOESIS reports, you should be able to use most of the data! As always, if you have questions, send email. contact George Clemen at NOESIS


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